Where the Crowns Stop

Wales — Powys, the house of Mathrafalnow wired

→ Out through her marriage to Sir John Scudamore of Kentchurch (d. 1435), then Joan Scudamore (g18), Gruffydd Dwnn (d. 1449), and into the Trussells and the de Vere Earls of Oxford. Now fully wired: Glyndŵr g20, Alys g19, traced from the GEDCOM rather than read off a chart. Note the frontier: both of Glyndŵr's parents are terminal nodes — Gruffudd Fychan II of Powys Fadog (d. 1369) and Tomas ap Llywelyn (d. 1343) have no parents wired — so the descent from the Mathrafal princes behind him is asserted, not traced.

England — the Plantagenets

→ Elizabeth married Humphrey de Bohun, 4th Earl of Hereford, and carried the line to the Butlers of Ormond. Joan married Gilbert de Clare and carried it to the Despensers and the Raleighs. Two daughters, two independent descents — and no later English monarch anywhere in the tree.

Scotland — Alpin and Dunkeldrebuilt

→ Out through her marriage to Robert de Ros — the Magna Carta surety baron — and their son William de Ros. Forty-nine years of reign later than this chart previously said, and two generations shallower.

→ And now a second royal road. The new GEDCOM wires William's brother David, Earl of Huntingdon (g27), and from him: Margaret of Huntingdon (g26) → Alan of Galloway → Dervorguilla of Galloway (g25) → Eleanor Balliol (g24) → John Comyn II "the Black" → John III Comyn of Badenoch. Dervorguilla was the mother of King John Balliol, so the line runs through the king's sister, not the king. It brings the lordship of Galloway, the Balliols and the Comyns in with it.

→ Two women named Margaret of Huntingdon now sit in the tree — Henry of Scotland's daughter (d. 1201, m. Humphrey de Bohun) and David's daughter (m. Alan of Galloway). The GEDCOM keeps them properly distinct; any chart built from it must too.

Castile · León

→ Not an exit at all: she married Edward I. Castile and León do not leave royalty in this tree — they feed forward into the English crown and leave through his daughters.

Wales — Gwynedd, the house of Aberffraw

→ Out through Ralph de Mortimer, then FitzAlan, Percy and FitzWalter into the de Veres. Her mother is disputed — the site deliberately declines to claim the extra Plantagenet descent that would follow if she were King John's granddaughter.

Munster — the Dál gCais O'Briens

→ A slow exit rather than a sharp one. The Gaelic princely title runs on in the direct line to Turlogh Donn O'Brien (b. 1499, g17) and is finally surrendered in 1552, when Donogh became 1st Earl of Thomond. His granddaughter Lady Honora O'Brien (g13) is the last of the house in the line.

Leinster — the Uí Cheinnselaig

→ Two doors from one king. Aoife married Strongbow at Waterford in 1170 and went to the Marshals; Órlaith married Donal Mór O'Brien and went to Thomond. The Kavanagh kings above are traditionally of the same stock, but that join is kept as tradition and not wired.

Aragón

→ Into the cadet counts of Provence, and back into royalty two generations later when Eleanor of Provence (g25) married Henry III.

France — the Capetians

→ The princess betrothed to Richard the Lionheart for twenty-five years and never married to him. Out through William IV of Ponthieu, and back into royalty through her great-granddaughter Eleanor of Castile. Changed in this rebuild: the shortest road into the French royal house no longer runs through Alys at all. It runs through Louis VI's other son Peter of France (g27), who took his wife's name and became Peter I de Courtenay — putting Louis VI at g28, level with Louis VII, on 22 paths. His daughter Alice de Courtenay (g26) is a male-line Capetian one generation shallower than Alys, if you count cadet blood as royal blood. The door itself does not move. France also leaves a third time, a century earlier, through Hugh Magnus of Vermandois.

Normandy and England — the Conqueror's house

→ Out through his son William FitzRobert and granddaughter Amice into the de Clares. Henry I stands in this tree twice: once by his illegitimate son here, and once by his lawful daughter the Empress Matilda, who carries the Plantagenet road.

Deheubarth — the house of Dinefwr

→ Out through Gerald of Windsor and into the Geraldines — the FitzGeralds of Kildare and of Desmond, and from there back to the Butlers.

Navarre — the Jiménez

→ Straight into Castile by her marriage to Sancho III. Navarre never really exits; it merges.

Jerusalem — the crusader crownanomaly

→ The one crown in the whole set that produces no royally-born descendant. The line leaves through a son born a Count of Anjou — who then fathers Henry II, and the blood re-enters royalty by the front door.

Uí Dúnlainge — the Uí Fáeláin of Naas

→ Out by marriage to Diarmait Mac Murchada. This is the deepest line in the tree — nineteen rungs back to Dunlaing mac Enda Niada in the late fifth century — and it all hangs on Sadb being Órlaith's mother, which the site grades as plausible rather than documented.

Kyivan Rus — the Rurikids

→ Into France by marriage to Henry I, and out again with her younger son Hugh Magnus.

Sweden

→ To Kiev by marriage to Yaroslav. Sweden, Kiev and France are the same descent read at three depths.

Wales — the kingdom of all Wales

→ Out through Osbern FitzRichard, de Neufmarché and Hereford into the Bohuns — a wholly separate Welsh line from Gwynedd and Deheubarth.

Wessex — the West Saxons

→ Out through his daughter St Margaret, shipwrecked in Scotland and married to Malcolm III. Wessex also enters twice more, earlier and by shorter roads: through Eadgifu (g33) into the Carolingians, and through Ælfthryth (g35) into Flanders.

León and Asturias — the old house

→ Into Castile by her marriage to Ferdinand I, who united the two crowns for the first time.

Italy — the Anscarids of Ivrea

→ Into Burgundy, then by two roads: one to Eleanor of Aquitaine and the Plantagenets, one to Alfonso VII of Castile.

Germany — the Ottonians

→ Hedwig married Hugh the Great and became the mother of Hugh Capet. Otto the Great, the first emperor of the new line, is a collateral — a brother-in-law's brother, not an ancestor.

The Frankish Empire and Carolingian Italy

→ Into the Herbertian counts of Vermandois, and eight generations later into Isabel de Vermandois — who is the single most important woman in the whole continental half of this tree.

Navarre — the house of Aristathe deepest crown

→ Through her granddaughter Queen Toda Aznárez into the Jiménez, and so back into Navarre by the next dynasty.